Biotechnology is a research-oriented field for application in various areas such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture and environment. It's an interdisciplinary science that encompasses not only biology but also other subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Engineering.
Biotechnology is one of the fastest growing fields as it finds application in every aspect of industry and daily life, from the chemical, pharmaceutical and the textile industry to genetics and agriculture.
In fact the use and application of biotechnology spans a wide range of activities, including developing new variety of seeds, improving livestock breeds, creating pesticides of various kinds, and developing industrial enzymes that hasten the production process. The work done is essentially scientific and result oriented, involving much work in laboratories. Biotechnology in one form or another has flourished since prehistoric times. When the first human beings realized that they could plant their own crops and breed their own animals, they learned to use biotechnology. The discovery that fruit juices fermented into wine, or that milk could be converted into cheese or yogurt, or that beer could be made by fermenting solutions of malt and hops began the study of biotechnology. When the first bakers found that they could make a soft, spongy bread rather than a firm, thin cracker, they were acting as fledgling biotechnologists. The first animal breeders, realizing that different physical traits could be either magnified or lost by mating appropriate pairs of animals, engaged in the manipulations of biotechnology. Biotechnology is an applied science, aimed at harnessing the natural biological capabilities of microbial, plant and animal cells for the benefit of people. Biotechnology couples scientific and engineering principles with commercial considerations to develop and improve products and processes made from living systems. About 15 years ago biotechnology made a foray into India, thanks to a concerted effort by the Department of Science and Technology, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, and private entrepreneurs. While biotechnology is seen in a wide variety of areas including medicine, the use of this technology to improve agriculture has not yet reached its full potential. Recognising the importance of Biotechnology for scientific and technological development in our national economy, the Goverment of India initiated the first step for promoting research in modern biology and biotechnology in the country by constituting the National Biotechnology Board in 1982. Department of Biotechnology Click here Biotechnology in India Click here For Biotechnology Institutes in India Click here
Educational Qualification: Candidates having a background in science at intermediate level are eligible for B.Tech programme in biotechnology as well as the integrated M.Tech programme at IIT. Graduates in all sciences /engineering technology /medicine are eligible for the postgraduate M.Sc. course in biotechnology. Admission to a 5-year integrated M.Tech programme offered by IITs, Delhi and Kharagpur, is through a Joint Entrance Exam (JEE) held for students who have completed 10+2 or equivalent exam with physics, chemistry and mathematics. While B.Sc is of 3-year duration, B.Tech takes 4 years. It takes 2 years to complete the M.Sc course. The integrated M.Tech programme offered by IIT Delhi is for 5 years, while at IIT Kharagpur it is 5 and a half years.
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